OBESIDADE COMO PROBLEMA DE SAÚDE PÚBLICA: POSSIBILIDADES DE INTERVENÇÃO NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA
OBESIDADE COMO PROBLEMA DE SAÚDE PÚBLICA: POSSIBILIDADES DE INTERVENÇÃO NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.8089272608043
-
Palavras-chave: Atenção Primária à Saúde; Cuidados Nutricionais; Promoção da Saúde; Saúde Pública.
-
Keywords: Primary Health Care; Nutritional Care; Health Promotion; Public Health.
-
Abstract: Obesity is one of the main contemporary challenges to public health due to its high prevalence and its association with chronic non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. In this context, Primary Health Care (PHC) stands out as a strategic space for the prevention and management of obesity, as it allows for comprehensive, longitudinal, and coordinated care, articulating clinical, educational, and health surveillance actions. This study aimed to analyze, through an integrative literature review, the main possibilities for intervention in addressing obesity as a public health problem within the scope of PHC. A qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory approach was adopted. The search was conducted in the SciELO, LILACS, and PubMed databases, in addition to consulting official documents from the Ministry of Health, considering publications between 2015 and 2025, in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. The selected materials were subjected to critical reading and analyzed through thematic analysis. The results showed that addressing obesity in primary health care requires comprehensive, continuous, and humanized strategies. Key interventions highlighted included: food and nutrition education, individual and group nutritional monitoring, encouragement of physical activity, multidisciplinary action, strengthening the bond between users and health teams, and the use of data from Food and Nutrition Surveillance, especially through SISVAN (Food and Nutrition Surveillance System). It was also observed that person-centered approaches, free from stigmatization and based on active listening, promote greater adherence and effectiveness of care. On the other hand, structural, organizational, and socioeconomic challenges remain factors that impact the implementation and sustainability of actions. It is concluded that primary health care plays a fundamental role in addressing obesity by integrating clinical care, health promotion, and intersectoral actions.
- Renata Damaceno Pinto
- Jéssica Candaten Pacheco
- Sheila Rigo da Silva
- Eduarda Sanches Filicetto
- Rayssa Marques de Ávila
- Marta Cocco