The use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as a treatment for depression

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1594592426065

• Palavras-chave: Electroconvulsive therapy, Major Depressive Disorder, Refractory.

• Keywords: Electroconvulsive therapy, Major Depressive Disorder, Refractory.

• Abstract:

  Objective: Evaluate how Electroconvulsive Therapy impacts treatment efficacy and quality of life in patients with resistant depression, as well as its safety and adverse effects. Methods: Bibliographic review using the PVO strategy, carried out in the PubMed - MEDLINE database, using the terms “Electroconvulsive Therapy”, “ECT” and “Depression”. Initially covering 1,454 articles, articles were selected between 2019-2024, in English and that addressed the research theme, thus selecting 19 articles. Review: Despite being a treatment surrounded by stigma and doubts from both professionals and patients, the present study was essential to elucidate the real benefits and care linked to ECT. It was found that the treatment is very cost-efficient for controlling patients with severe and refractory depressive episodes, as well as suicidal ideation, even more efficient when compared to drug therapy and psychotherapy. Furthermore, this proposal involves possible adverse effects related to structural changes in the Central Nervous System, as well as symptoms of nausea, amnesia and headache. Final considerations: Despite being associated with adverse effects, mainly temporary changes in the Central Nervous System, the benefits in quality of life justify its use. It is vital that healthcare professionals stay informed and clearly communicate the risks and benefits of ECT while continuing to explore and develop new approaches to treating complex and refractory psychiatric conditions.