THE ROLE OF MICRORNAS AS BIOMARKERS IN THE PREDICTION, MONITORING AND DIAGNOSIS OF FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.159552515014

• Palavras-chave: Microrna, Fetal Growth Restriction, Diagnosis, Biomarkers, Angiogenesis, Gene Expression.

• Keywords: Microrna, Fetal Growth Restriction, Diagnosis, Biomarkers, Angiogenesis, Gene Expression.

• Abstract:

  Objective: This study aims to investigate the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers in the early diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of fetal growth restriction (FGR). Method: A literature review was carried out following the PVO (Population, Variables and Outcome) strategy. The search took place on the PubMed database, using the keywords "microRNA", "fetal growth restriction" and "diagnosis", combined with Boolean operators. After initial screening of 91 articles, 23 were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Discussion: miRNAs play an essential role in regulating fetal growth, influencing processes such as angiogenesis, apoptosis and cell metabolism. Specific profiles, including miR-16-5p, miR-27b-3p, miR-206 and miR-185-5p, have been associated with placental function and response to hypoxia, suggesting their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. However, there are differences between the studies, especially regarding the specificity and sensitivity of these markers, as well as limitations such as small sample sizes and lack of methodological standardization. Final considerations: miRNAs show significant potential as diagnostic tools in CRF, offering a promising approach for early detection and clinical follow-up. However, additional robust studies are needed to validate the profiles identified and explore their interactions with other molecular factors. Standardization of methodologies and the development of clear clinical protocols are essential to enable their practical incorporation into the management of CRF, providing more accurate diagnoses and personalized interventions.