New Horizons in Heart Failure Management: Implications of the 2022 Guidelines

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1594582426065

• Palavras-chave: Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors; Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction; Efficiency; Prognosis.

• Keywords: Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors; Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction; Efficiency; Prognosis.

• Abstract:

  Goal: Analyze the impact of adding SGLT2 inhibitors, as recommended by the 2022 heart failure guidelines, in treating patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), highlighting changes in treatment practices and potential benefits for patients. Methods: Bibliographic review using the PubMed database using the strategy search query: (“Sodium Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors”) AND (“Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure”) AND (“prognosis”) OR (“efficacy”) OR (“treatment”). Resulting in 355 articles, 18 of which were chosen to compose the present study after analyzing the selection criteria. Revision: the benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are discussed. Studies indicate that medications such as empagliflozin and dapagliflozin significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalizations, in addition to improving kidney function and patients' quality of life. Despite some adverse effects, such as genital infections and hypotension, SGLT2 inhibitors have a satisfactory safety profile and are recommended as first-line therapy in the 2022 guidelines, representing a significant advance in the management of HFpEF. Final considerations: The treatment of HFpEF has advanced significantly with the inclusion of SGLT2 inhibitors, showing robust clinical benefits, such as reducing hospitalizations and mortality, in addition to improving heart and kidney function, with few adverse effects. However, more research is still needed to understand its mechanisms of action, evaluate long-term effects and their effectiveness in specific subgroups.