NEUROTOXICIDADE ANESTÉSICA NA INFÂNCIA: EVIDÊNCIAS CLÍNICAS E MECANISMOS EXPERIMENTAIS
NEUROTOXICIDADE ANESTÉSICA NA INFÂNCIA: EVIDÊNCIAS CLÍNICAS E MECANISMOS EXPERIMENTAIS
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.8208182509102
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Palavras-chave: Neurotoxicidade anestésica; Anestesia geral; Desenvolvimento neurológico; Infância; Neurociências
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Keywords: Anesthetic neurotoxicity; General anesthesia; Neurological development; Childhood; Neuroscience.
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Abstract: Introduction: Anesthesia is essential in pediatric surgery, yet recent studies have raised concerns about its potential neurotoxic effects when administered during critical periods of brain development. Early childhood represents a phase of intense neural plasticity, making the brain particularly vulnerable to anesthetic agents. Methods: An literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, including studies published between 2015 and 2024. Eligible studies in English addressed early anesthetic exposure and neurological alterations, encompassing clinical trials, systematic reviews, and experimental research. Results: Evidence suggests that multiple or prolonged exposures to anesthesia may be linked to subtle cognitive deficits, including memory, language, and executive function impairments. Experimental studies indicate that agents such as isoflurane and sevoflurane can trigger neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and synaptic dysfunction, affecting neural maturation. Conclusion: While anesthesia remains indispensable, its use in early childhood requires careful management. Implementing individualized protocols, ensuring neurological follow-up, and advancing multicenter research are crucial steps toward minimizing risks and safeguarding cognitive development.
- Pedro Henrique de Oliveira Lima Miranda
- Louhainy Isabelle Rezende Miranda
- Geovanna Souza Azevedo
- Lucas Schafer Dahlke
- Leydeane Rosa Gomes Gontijo Troian
- Marcus Vinícius de Araújo Teixeira
- Wanderson Antonio Carreiro da Silva Teixeira
- Weliton Fernandes Rodrigues Júnior