Neurobiology of Trauma: Impacts, Defense Mechanisms and the Search for Healing

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.15952125120511

• Palavras-chave: Trauma, neurobiology, HPA axis, limbic system, serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, defense mechanisms, fragmentation of consciousness.

• Keywords: Trauma, neurobiology, HPA axis, limbic system, serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, defense mechanisms, fragmentation of consciousness.

• Abstract:

  This article explores the neurobiology of trauma, focusing on behavioral impacts, the brain's defense mechanisms and the search for healing. The analysis covers the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the limbic system, highlighting the role of the amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in the response to trauma. In addition, the article discusses dysfunctions in neurotransmitter systems such as serotonin, dopamine and glutamate, which are central to the manifestation of symptoms such as anhedonia, anxiety and depression. The protective effect of unconscious mechanisms is also analyzed, as well as the importance of bringing traumatic memories to consciousness to promote healing. Fragmentation of consciousness and dependence on external validation are discussed as consequences of trauma that perpetuate psychological suffering.