Mortalidad en pacientes adultos con VIH: Un estudio retrospectivo en la Unidad de Atención Integral del Hospital Roosevelt (2003-2023)

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1595272529072

• Palavras-chave: HIV infections, Mortality, Antiretroviral therapy, Coinfection, Guatemala.

• Keywords: HIV infections, Mortality, Antiretroviral therapy, Coinfection, Guatemala.

• Abstract:

  Introduction: HIV/AIDS continues to be a significant public health problem. Despite improvements in access to antiretroviral treatment, challenges related to mortality persist, especially in contexts of late diagnosis and comorbidities.
  Objective: To describe the mortality trend, as well as the sociodemographic, clinical, immunological, virological characteristics, and cause of death of adult patients with HIV who died between 2003 and 2023 at Roosevelt Hospital, Guatemala.
  Methodology: Descriptive, longitudinal, retrospective study of 3,036 patients who died with HIV. Sociodemographic characteristics, causes of death, and laboratory tests were described. The Chi-square statistical test was used to compare immunological and virological variables and causes of death between two periods (2003-2017 vs. 2018-2023).
  Results: Mortality decreased by 75% between 2009 and 2023. The most affected age group was 25-49 years, although deaths increased in those over 50. Males predominated, and heterosexuals were the most common sexual orientation. A high proportion of patients with severe immunosuppression (CD4+ ≤100 cells/µL) and high viral load ( ly >100,000 cp/mL) were found. The main causes of death were mycobacteria, other bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections, as well as other non-infectious causes, with significant differences between periods.
  Conclusion: Although HIV mortality has declined in Guatemala, challenges remain, such as late diagnosis, advanced immunosuppression at death, and the emergence of comorbidities. Prevention, screening, and treatment adherence strategies need to be strengthened.