MODELO DE ADMINISTRACIÓN DE CRÉDITO Y COBRANZA
MODELO DE ADMINISTRACIÓN DE CRÉDITO Y COBRANZA
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.05586226100314
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Palavras-chave: Administración de crédito, Cobranza, Cuentas por cobrar, Cartera vencida, Flujo de efectivo
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Keywords: Credit Management, Collections, Accounts Receivable, Non-Performing Loans, Cash Flow
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Abstract: Profit-oriented companies through their sales operations generally use two fundamental business modalities: cash sales and credit sales. In cash sales, the company delivers the good or service and immediately receives the corresponding payment, which favors the availability of cash and strengthens liquidity in the short term. In contrast, credit sales involve the delivery of the good with the expectation of subsequent payment by the customer, in accordance with previously established terms, amounts and conditions. Although this modality represents a relevant commercial strategy to expand markets, increase sales and strengthen relationships with customers, it also introduces financial risks that must be carefully managed. The difference between the two forms of marketing has a direct effect on the company's cash cycle. While cash sales generate immediate inflows of resources, credit sales delay the recovery of the money invested and expose the organization to the risk of default, default or uncollectibility. Consequently, poor credit and collection management can lead to imbalances in cash flow, increased non-performing loans, difficulties in meeting operational and financial commitments, as well as a decrease in profitability. Therefore, accounts receivable management should not be understood only as an administrative function, but as a strategic component of corporate financial health. In this context, this research focuses on the analysis of the non-performing loan portfolio of the company S & E Tools & Supply S. de R.L. de C.V., with the purpose of identifying the causes that affect the timely recovery of the loans granted and evaluating their impact on cash flow. The study is based on the recognition that growth in credit sales, without clear policies and formal monitoring procedures, can become a risk factor for the financial stability of the organization. Therefore, current practices related to credit authorization, document control, customer monitoring, recovery of overdue balances and coordination between the areas involved are examined. Based on this diagnosis, a credit management and collection model is proposed aimed at strengthening internal control, reducing the risk of customer insolvency and improving the recovery of accounts receivable. The proposal considers guidelines for credit evaluation, customer classification, establishment of collection policies, timely follow-up of debts and definition of structured procedures that contribute to more efficient financial management. In summary, the study seeks to provide a practical tool that allows the company to improve its liquidity, optimize its administrative processes and make more solid decisions in terms of credit and collection.
- Rodolfo Martinez Gutierrez
- Claudia Azeneth Hernández Peña