MINIMALLY INVASIVE TOTAL LARYNGECTOMY: A REVIEW OF NEW ROBOTIC SURGICAL TECHNIQUES
MINIMALLY INVASIVE TOTAL LARYNGECTOMY: A REVIEW OF NEW ROBOTIC SURGICAL TECHNIQUES
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1594872424092
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Palavras-chave: Laringuectomía total en campo estrecho; Laringuectomía total transoral; Cirugía robótica transoral.
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Keywords: Narrow-field total laryngectomy; Transoral total laryngectomy; Transoral robotic surgery.
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Abstract:
Background and objective. Advances in organ preservation have reduced the need for total laryngectomies in advanced laryngeal cancer. Minimally invasive surgical techniques, such as transoral laryngectomy with the da Vinci robot, are available, but clinical evidence is limited and cost is high. This study will compare robotic transoral total laryngectomy with open "narrow-field" surgery, analyzing advantages, disadvantages and the technologies used in each approach. Materials and methods. We will compare four minimally invasive laryngectomy (MISL) techniques: LTCE, robotic LT-TO (TORS), ultrasonic LT-TO (TOUSS) and laser microsurgery LT-TO. We will discuss six key surgical steps: incision and exposure, prelaryngeal muscle section, laryngeal dissection, pharyngotomies, ligation of the laryngeal pedicle and reconstruction of the neopharynx. Finally, we will critically evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. Results. The four laryngectomy techniques share some surgical steps, such as: Incision, tracheotomy and exposure of the larynx with section of the prelaryngeal muscles: This is a transcervical step in all techniques, except in LT-TO (transoral techniques), in which a prelaryngeal endoscopic tunnel is created. 2. Posterior perilaryngeal dissection and section of the constrictors: It is transcervical in all of them, but in LT-TO a second endoscopic tunnel is performed. 4. Pharyngotomies and dissection of the pre-epiglottic space: The pharyngotomy lines are the same in all, but in the LT-TO they are done under direct vision from the mouth. 5. Ligation of the superior laryngeal pedicle: It is mandatory in all, but the location varies according to the approach (transcervical or transoral).6. Reconstruction and suture of the neopharynx: Similar in all, with the possibility of suturing from the mouth in the LT-TO. Conclusions. LT-TO, with or without a robotic platform, is considered a highly sophisticated technological evolution of LTCE. The transoral techniques use different technologies, but follow similar principles. The surgical specimens removed in both approaches are very similar. Therefore, we argue that the indications for LT-TO should match those for LTCE: fragile patients with dysfunctional larynxes or salvage laryngectomies.
- María Cristina Martín Villares
- Jesús María Culebras
- Ignacio Alvarez Alvarez
- Maria José González Gimeno
- Jose Ramón Alba
- JM Gonzalo-Orden
- Ana Carvajal Urueña
- Laura Díez González