Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Ni- and Co-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity: Structural Insights, ROS Mechanisms, and Comparative Performance.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Ni- and Co-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity: Structural Insights, ROS Mechanisms, and Comparative Performance.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1317632627038
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Palavras-chave: Estruturas metalorgânicas; atividade antimicrobiana; MOF-Ni; MOF-Co; síntese assistida por micro-ondas; espécies reativas de oxigênio.
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Keywords: Metal–Organic Frameworks; antimicrobial activity; MOF-Ni; MOF-Co; microwave-assisted synthesis; reactive oxygen species.
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Abstract: The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has intensified the search for advanced functional materials capable of overcoming the limitations of conventional antimicrobial agents. In this context, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising candidates due to their tunable structures, high surface area, and multifunctional properties. In this study, nickel-based (MOF-Ni) and cobalt-based (MOF-Co) MOFs were synthesized via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method at 180 °C for 30 min and systematically evaluated for their structural, morphological, and antimicrobial properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of highly crystalline materials, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a rod-like morphology, attributed to the influence of CTAB and synthesis conditions, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) verified the expected elemental composition. The antimicrobial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538P), and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), revealing significantly superior performance of MOF-Ni, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of < 2 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL, and 22 µg/mL, respectively, compared to MOF-Co (> 22 µg/mL, 44 µg/mL, and 87 µg/mL). The enhanced antimicrobial activity of MOF-Ni is attributed to its higher catalytic efficiency and improved generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative damage in microbial cells. These findings demonstrate that MOF-Ni exhibits strong bactericidal and fungicidal potential, outperforming many recently reported MOF-based systems. Overall, this study highlights the potential of transition metal-based MOFs as next-generation antimicrobial materials and contributes to global efforts to address AMR, aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 3, SDG 4, SDG 9, and SDG 12, reinforcing the scientific and societal relevance of this work.
- Maria Tereza Fabbro
- Vitor M. Yamamoto
- Felipe M. yamamoto
- Isabelle Goulart dos Santos
- Débora Peretta Silva
- Braulio Haruo Kondo Lopes
- Maurício R. Baldan