MOLECULAR MECHANISMS RELATING DOWN SYNDROME AS A RISK FACTOR FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: A REVIEW systematic

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1594972405119

• Palavras-chave: Down syndrome; Trisomy 21; Alzheimer's disease; Early Alzheimer's; Beta-amyloid peptide.

• Keywords: Down syndrome; Trisomy 21; Alzheimer's disease; Early Alzheimer's; Beta-amyloid peptide.

• Abstract:

  Down Syndrome, characterized by trisomy 21, has experienced an increase in life expectancy due to advances in health services, consequently, age-related diseases have increased in prevalence, such as Alzheimer's. The aim of this systematic review was to understand the molecular mechanisms that make Down's Syndrome a risk factor for Alzheimer's. The systematic review was carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), using the following databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online, Pubmed and the Virtual Health Library. Eleven articles published between 2014 and 2024 were selected by applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The review identified that trisomy 21 makes people with Down's Syndrome more susceptible to developing early-onset Alzheimer's due to the formation of amyloid plaques and tangles neurofibrillary. In this sense, some genes have been identified in this pathogenesis, such as: APP, EST 2, DYRK 1 A, RCAN 1, SOD 1, SYNJ 1, CSTB, S100B, encoding IL-1, USP 16 and also the apoE ε4 allele. However, due to the neuropathological complexity of this relationship, further studies on the impact of this triplication of genes are essential.