Artificial intelligence as a technical-cultural phenomenon: ontological, axiological, political, and aesthetic foundations and their implications for the teaching of philosophy

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.5585112523071215

• Palavras-chave: artificial intelligence; education; teaching philosophy; ontology; ethics.

• Keywords: artificial intelligence; education; teaching philosophy; ontology; ethics.

• Abstract:

  This article investigates artificial intelligence (AI) as a phenomenon that is both technical and cultural, proposing a philosophical framework based on four axes: ontology, axiology, politics, and aesthetics, in order to understand its emergence, structure, and social effects. Thus, a genealogy is reconstructed that ranges from Aristotle's references to automation to the formalization of the term by McCarthy, articulating this path with two central references: software as an operational and infrastructural layer (Accoto) and the virtual as a regime of mediation and reorganization of cognitive and communicational practices (Lévy). The analysis identifies benefits and risks surrounding authorship, privacy, misinformation, concentration of power, and impacts on work, highlighting tensions between capacity building and cognitive heteronomy. In the field of education, the study describes current uses of AIs by students and teachers, their didactic-methodological potential, and the risks of unintentional plagiarism, proposing principles of critical literacy in AI and institutional guidelines for responsible use. Methodologically, this is a bibliographic research with qualitative analysis of classic and contemporary works, complemented by documents from international organizations. The main contribution lies in an integrated conceptual framework that: delimits the ontological status of AI; explains axiological and political criteria for its evaluation; offers aesthetic parameters for judging AI-generated products; and translates these findings into guidelines for teaching philosophy, revisiting, in light of Phaedrus, the need for prudent, reflective, and ethically regulated use of these technologies.