INTEGRAÇÃO ELÉTRICA SUSTENTÁVEL EMERGENTES NO BRASIL: ENTRE ENERGIA SOLAR, BIOMETANO E GÁS NATURAL EM CIDADES INTELIGENTES COM ASPECTOS EM EDUCAÇAÇÃO E SEGURANÇA

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.8089222601042

• Palavras-chave: transição energética; energia solar fotovoltaica; biometano; cidades inteligentes; segurança cibernética; treinamento profissional; sustentabilidade urbana; sector coupling

• Keywords: energy transition; solar photovoltaic energy; biomethane; smart cities; cyber security; professional training; urban sustainability; sector coupling

• Abstract: The transition to sustainable electricity generation in Brazil is a strategic requirement that goes beyond emissions reduction. It also involves energy security, systemic resilience, and urban modernization. Although Brazil's electricity matrix is predominantly renewable, the historical dependence on hydropower exposes the system to climate variability and extreme weather events. In this context, smart cities require integrated solutions based on efficiency, data governance, and interoperability. However, the growing complexity of multi-energy systems, combined with the use of emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things, digital twins, and artificial intelligence, introduces new vulnerabilities. This scenario demands robust cyber and operational security approaches. In addition, the lack of specialized technical training represents a critical bottleneck for the reliability and scalability of these systems. This study analyses the integration of solar photovoltaic energy, biogas, biomethane, and natural gas within the smart cities framework, incorporating both security and workforce training dimensions. It is argued that the convergence of these energy sources enhances operational flexibility, promotes waste valorisations, supports decentralized generation, and strengthens urban resilience, particularly through sector coupling strategies. The study concludes that this integrated approach is technically consistent and economically viable for developing more sustainable, secure, and adaptable energy systems in Brazil. Investment in human capital and cybersecurity is identified as a key factor for the success of the energy transition.