TERMITE INFESTATION AND DAMAGE IN MANGO TREES (Mangifera indica) IN THE URBAN AREA OF BELÉM, PARÁ, BRAZIL

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1813622607052

• Palavras-chave: termites, mango trees, vegetation, Belém

• Keywords: termites, mango trees, vegetation, Belém

• Abstract:

  The urban tree cover of Belém is strongly characterized by the presence of the mango tree (Mangifera indica), an exotic species introduced in the 18th century that forms part of the city’s landscape and cultural heritage. However, these trees have been impacted by various factors, notably xylophagous termites, which act as major agents of wood decay. This study aimed to diagnose the occurrence and damage caused by termites in mango trees located in ten neighborhoods in the urban area of Belém. Sampling was conducted on streets with high tree density, where each tree was inspected to assess the level of decay and collect insects. Taxonomic identification, carried out in the Isoptera collection of the Emílio Goeldi Museum of Pará, revealed the presence of the genera Nasutitermes, Heterotermes, and Coptotermes, with particular emphasis on the species Nasutitermes surinamensis and Nasutitermes corniger, both recognized for their aerial nests and high adaptation to the urban environment. The ecological analysis revealed variable abundance among the neighborhoods, with Campina, Batista Campos, and Cremação being the locations with the highest number of individuals. Despite the presence of galleries in the trunks and roots, the observed damage was superficial to moderate, with no immediate risk of the tree falling. Anthropogenic factors, such as improper pruning, impermeable paving, and solid waste near the roots, were identified as factors aggravating the phytosanitary conditions of the trees. It is concluded that termites represent a relevant ecological factor, but are not the primary cause of the structural vulnerability of mango trees. The adoption of integrated public policies for tree management and phytosanitary control is recommended, including environmental education and periodic monitoring.