Impact of physical activity modalities on the rehabilitation of patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.159562515019

• Palavras-chave: rehabilitation; training; myocardium; postoperative.

• Keywords: rehabilitation; training; myocardium; postoperative.

• Abstract:

  Introduction: Physical exercise is essential for the recovery of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), improving functional capacity and quality of life. The aim of this study was to analyze how different types of exercise impact this rehabilitation. Methods: A systematic review was carried out using the PICO strategy, with searches in PubMed, LILACS and SciELO. The PRISMA protocol was used to minimize bias, with two independent researchers selecting and collecting data and a third in case of disagreement. Original studies from the last 5 years in English were included, detailing the effects of physical activity in post-CABG patients. Case reports, literature reviews and studies that did not meet the established criteria were excluded. Methodological quality was assessed using the Jadad and Newcastle-Ottawa scales. Results/Discussion: Eight articles were selected. Respiratory muscle training combined with progressive aerobic exercises such as treadmills, cycle ergometers, aquatic training and walking were highlighted as improving physical performance, lung capacity, lipid profile, blood pressure, blood coagulation and cardiac function. Greater adherence to physical activity was observed in medical centers; other environments had interruptions due to discouragement and malaise. Combined resistance and aerobic training improved quality of life and reduced time in the Intensive Care Unit. In contrast, competitive exercise increased the risk of stent thrombosis in patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Aquatic training proved to be as effective as land-based training in improving exercise capacity and reducing NT-proBNP levels. Conclusion: Physical exercise after CABG improves cardiovascular health, but it is essential to adjust the intensity and type of exercise according to the patient. It is crucial that health centers offer suitable environments for physical activity in the rehabilitation phase, increasing adherence to treatment.