Global impact of electrical grid codes: Case study of implementation and results in different countries.

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.3175825011013

• Palavras-chave: Network Code, Energy regulation, Renewable energies, ENTSO-E, CRE, FERC, Network integration, Sanctions.

• Keywords: Network Code, Energy regulation, Renewable energies, ENTSO-E, CRE, FERC, Network integration, Sanctions.

• Abstract:

  At the National Technological Institute of Mexico, Veracruz Campus, in the Electrical Engineering program, the subject "Introduction to the Grid Code" is taught in the 9th semester. This course provides electrical engineers with the ability to apply the knowledge acquired throughout their studies on electrical power systems, legislation, industrial installations, and electrical distribution networks to solve technical and economic problems in the electrical industry. See Figure 1
  Likewise, the general objective of this course is to understand and analyze the regulations associated with the Grid Code in order to diagnose and solve problems of non-compliance with it.
  Based on the above, this study, entitled "Global impact of electrical grid codes: Case study of implementation and results in different countries," has been conducted as a contribution to this subject.
  Grid (electricity) codes have been established as essential regulatory frameworks to ensure the stability, reliability, and efficiency of electricity systems worldwide. From Mexico and other Latin American countries, as well as the major European and Asian powers, these codes have evolved to respond to the challenges of energy transition, the integration of renewable energies, and the digitization of grids. This article analyzes the implementation of grid codes in different regions, their impact on energy efficiency and sustainability, the challenges of international harmonization, examples of penalties imposed on companies for non-compliance, and the future prospects for regulation.