IMPACT OF GLP-1 RECEPTOR AGONISTS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY: NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS AND ASSOCIATED RISKS

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.15949624291011

• Palavras-chave: Diabetic Retinopathy; GLP-1 Receptor Agonists; Type 2 Diabetes Neuroprotection.

• Keywords: Diabetic Retinopathy; GLP-1 Receptor Agonists; Type 2 Diabetes Neuroprotection.

• Abstract:

  Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common and impactful complications of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), often leading to vision loss. With the advancement of DM2 therapies, GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have been evaluated not only for glycemic control, but also for their potential effects on DR. This review investigated the therapeutic effects, mechanisms of action and risks of GLP-1RAs in the management of DR. Relevant studies published between 2018 and 2023 were analyzed, including clinical trials, animal studies and systematic reviews. The results indicate that GLP-1RAs have neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects on the retina, contributing to vascular integrity and reducing blood leakage. However, in some cases, such as with semaglutide, it was observed that the rapid decrease in glycemia can exacerbate DR in patients with inadequate glycemic control. It is concluded that GLP-1RAs can be effective in the management of DR, as long as treatment is carefully monitored to avoid worsening. More long-term studies are needed to define guidelines that maximize the benefits and minimize the risks for patients with DM2 and DR.