Congenital Hydrocephalus: Innovations in the Use of Endoscopic

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1595252507075

• Palavras-chave: Third Endoscopic Ventriculostomy with Choroid Plexus Cauterization; Hydrocephalus, Congenital; Endoscopic Shunt;

• Keywords: Third Endoscopic Ventriculostomy with Choroid Plexus Cauterization; Hydrocephalus, Congenital; Endoscopic Shunt;

• Abstract:

  Introduction: Hydrocephalus, a prevalent neurological condition, is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cerebral ventricles. This accumulation leads to ventricular dilation, damage to brain tissue and the manifestation of various symptoms. Hydrocephalus can be classified clinically into two main categories: congenital hydrocephalus (CH) and acquired hydrocephalus, based on the time of onset. Aim: The aim of this study is to carry out a literature review on neurosurgical methods in the treatment of CH. Methodology: The scientific databases used were: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), National Library of Medicine (NIH), MEDLINE. The descriptors used in this research were: "Congenital Hydrocephalus", "Endoscopic Shunt", "Shunt". The article was prepared using articles from 2020 to 2025. Results and discussion: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization (ETV/CPC) is mainly recommended for cases of obstructive hydrocephalus, where the underlying cause of the condition is clearly identified and the anatomy of the CSF circulatory system is suitable for the procedure. On the other hand, external ventricular drainage involves inserting a catheter into the ventricular system to facilitate the drainage of CSF out of the body. Current treatment also includes ventriculo-peritoneal shunts (VPS) with valves to redirect CSF from the ventricles to the peritoneum. Shunt technology is limited by a number of complications, which include infection after implantation, obstruction of the shunt due to clot formation or obstruction of the catheter by scar tissue or choroid plexus, disconnection and migration of the tube, and excessive or insufficient CSF drainage due to valve malfunction. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the most effective treatment for the pediatric approach is the ETV/CPC method, since a minimal incision is made and the surgical approach is performed by anatomical landmarks, providing, according to the literature, fewer complications and better long-term effects.