SARS-CoV-2 infection begins in the respiratory system, but the development of systemic diseases accompanied by severe clinical manifestations have also been reported, with dysfunctions of the cardiovascular and immune systems being the main ones. Additionally, the presence of comorbidities and aging represent important risk factors for the severity and poor prognosis of the disease. Since the decline associated with aging has been largely related to the immune system and cardiovascular changes, we sought to investigate the consequences and underlying mechanism of these pathologies to understand the severity of the disease in this population. Understanding-managing the effects of COVID-19 on both systems must translate into medical care for elderly patients with COVID-19, preventing cardiovascular disease and immune changes in this population. Approved therapies that contribute to symptom improvement and mortality reduction, as well as new therapies under development, constitute an approach to manage these disorders. Among them, we describe antivirals, cytokine antagonists, cytokine signalers, nasal pathway inhibitors and vaccines.

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DOI: 10.22533/at.ed.1593172307033
Palavras-chave: coronavirus, COVID-19, mortality, elderly, SARS-CoV-2
Keywords: coronavirus, COVID-19, mortality, elderly, SARS-CoV-2
Abstract:
SARS-CoV-2 infection begins in the respiratory system, but the development of systemic diseases accompanied by severe clinical manifestations have also been reported, with dysfunctions of the cardiovascular and immune systems being the main ones. Additionally, the presence of comorbidities and aging represent important risk factors for the severity and poor prognosis of the disease. Since the decline associated with aging has been largely related to the immune system and cardiovascular changes, we sought to investigate the consequences and underlying mechanism of these pathologies to understand the severity of the disease in this population. Understanding-managing the effects of COVID-19 on both systems must translate into medical care for elderly patients with COVID-19, preventing cardiovascular disease and immune changes in this population. Approved therapies that contribute to symptom improvement and mortality reduction, as well as new therapies under development, constitute an approach to manage these disorders. Among them, we describe antivirals, cytokine antagonists, cytokine signalers, nasal pathway inhibitors and vaccines.

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