Gastrointestinal Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.159592530014

• Palavras-chave: "Systemic Lupus Erythematosus", "Gastrointestinal Manifestations", "Vasculitis", and "Autoimmune Diseases".

• Keywords: "Systemic Lupus Erythematosus", "Gastrointestinal Manifestations", "Vasculitis", and "Autoimmune Diseases".

• Abstract:

  Gastrointestinal manifestations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) are common, with a prevalence of between 40% and 60%, ranging from mild symptoms such as nausea and abdominal discomfort to serious complications such as intestinal vasculitis and perforations. These symptoms are often underdiagnosed, but directly reflect disease activity, especially in patients with autoantibodies such as anti-DNA double helix and anti-Sm. Such complications can mimic other conditions, making diagnosis and clinical management difficult.
  Serious complications include vasculitis and thrombosis, which can cause ischemia, perforation and intestinal infarction. Pancreatitis, although rare, has a higher prevalence in SLE patients and is associated with disease activity and sometimes with antiphospholipid antibodies. Early diagnosis, based on imaging tests, biopsies and inflammatory markers, is essential to prevent fatal outcomes.
  Management depends on severity, ranging from corticosteroids in mild cases to immunosuppressants, such as Cyclophosphamide and Rituximab, in more severe cases. A multidisciplinary approach is fundamental to improving prognosis, reducing morbidity and improving patients' quality of life. Early recognition and personalization of treatment are essential to mitigate complications and achieve better clinical results, reinforcing the need for patient education and access to specialist care.