Fracture of a Ventriculoperitoneal Catheter Causing Intracranial Hypertension

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1595225030114

• Palavras-chave: Hipertensão Intracraniana; Shunt Ventriculoperitoneal; Fratura do Cateter

• Keywords: Intracranial Hypertension; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt; Catheter Fracture

• Abstract: Introduction: Hydrocephalus is a condition characterized by excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation in the ventricles, leading to increased intracranial pressure (ICP). The standard treatment involves the placement of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts, and immediate evaluation for potential malfunction is essential when signs of elevated ICP emerge. Case Report: A 43-year-old female patient, with a history of VP shunt placement since childhood due to obstructive hydrocephalus, presented with headache, blurred vision, vomiting, and papilledema. The chest X-ray revealed a fracture of the VP catheter between the second and third left rib arches. The patient underwent a new VP shunt placement on the right side, with immediate improvement in ICP symptoms and reduction of thoracic bulging. Discussion: Approximately 40% of shunts fail within the first year after placement, with ventricular catheter obstruction being the most common cause. Catheter fractures occur in 15% of cases, often due to silicone biodegradation, leading to calcification and fragility. Such failures require immediate diagnosis and surgical intervention to prevent further complications. Conclusion: VP shunt fracture is a significant mechanical dysfunction that may be difficult to diagnose but requires immediate investigation and correction, even during routine follow-ups.