PATHWAYS FOR PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF CERVICAL CANCER IN MEXICO
PATHWAYS FOR PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF CERVICAL CANCER IN MEXICO
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1594462420056
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Palavras-chave: vias de rastreamento, diagnóstico oportuno, lesões intraepiteliais, câncer invasivo, papilomavírus humano
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Keywords: screening pathways, timely diagnosis, intraepithelial lesions, invasive cancer, human papilloma virus
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Abstract: One of the most serious health threats for women is cervical cancer (CC), and its timely detection is crucial to reducing mortality from this disease. This study analyzes the cancerous agents and natural history of CC; diagnostic methods (cervical screening – or the Papanicolaou (Pap) test, colposcopy, and detection of human papilloma virus - HPV); and strategies for screening of precursor lesions of CC. It reviews screening pathways according to the Official Mexican Regulation NOM-014-SSA2-1994; conduct to follow (based on cytology results) in the case of low-grade intra-epithelial lesions, high-grade intra-epithelial lesions, and invasive cancer; as well as a holistic approach to prevention and control of CC. Furthermore, it discusses types of HPV; HPV vaccines – particularly the types available in Mexico and this nation´s vaccination scheme; the position of the World Health Organization regarding these vaccines; and adverse post-vaccination reactions. It presents: 1) the state of CC in Mexico; 2) existing programs for timely detection of CC based on Health Ministry guidelines; 3) the System of Epidemiological Surveillance of Mexico`s National Cervical Cancer Program; and 4) evolution of CC prevention and control programs in the southeastern Mexican state of Chiapas. We conclude that given limited progress in reduction of CC, there is a need for the Mexican Health Ministry to further train health personnel; periodically evaluate indicators regarding the success of programs addressing CC; increase HPV vaccination; and implement the concept of total quality in healthcare
- Daniela Alejandra Nahed Valdez
- Carlos Fidel Girón-Aguilar
- Ángel Medardo Molina Cruz
- Néstor Rodolfo García-Chong
- Austreberta Nazar-Beutelspacher