Pheochromocytoma: Endocrinological and Surgical Management of a Rare Tumor

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.515721226100611

• Palavras-chave: Pheochromocytoma; Neuroendocrine Tumor; Endocrinology; Surgical Procedures; Secondary Hypertension.

• Keywords: Pheochromocytoma; Neuroendocrine Tumor; Endocrinology; Surgical Procedures; Secondary Hypertension.

• Abstract:

  Pheochromocytoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor originating from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, responsible for the excessive production of catecholamines, primarily epinephrine and norepinephrine. Although it accounts for only a small proportion of the causes of hypertension, its recognition is essential due to the potential risk of serious cardiovascular complications and associated mortality. Diagnosis is based on biochemical evaluation and imaging studies, while definitive treatment consists of surgical resection of the tumor following appropriate clinical preparation. The objective of this study is to review the main epidemiological, pathophysiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of pheochromocytoma, emphasizing the importance of collaboration between endocrinologists and surgeons. This is a narrative review of the literature conducted using national and international scientific databases. The analyzed studies demonstrate that early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management significantly reduce perioperative complications and improve patient prognosis. It is concluded that an integrated approach between Endocrinology and Surgery is essential for the successful treatment of this rare neoplasm.