ETIOLOGY AND SYNDROMES ASSOCIATED WITH DISABILITY - INTELLECTUAL - LITERATURE REVIEW

• DOI: 10.22533/at.ed.1593672330084

• Palavras-chave: Intellectual disability; Fetal distress; Genetic Diseases Linked to the X Chromosome.

• Keywords: Intellectual disability; Fetal distress; Genetic Diseases Linked to the X Chromosome.

• Abstract:

  Introduction: Intellectual disability is characterized by intellectual deficit and impairment in functions, with early onset, before maturity is reached, usually before the age of 18. It is estimated that 1% of the population has intellectual disability, with the majority classified in mild cases. Objective: To review the etiologies and syndromes associated with intellectual disability.

   Result: Modifiable risk factors such as infections, exposure to toxic substances such as alcohol, perinatal distress and protein-caloric malnutrition must be widely publicized as conditions that lead to numerous cognitive deficits in developing children. 

  Conclusion: Among the etiologies of ID, we highlight chromosomal and genetic syndromes, malformations of the central nervous system, infectious and toxic causes, asphyxia, stroke, protein-caloric malnutrition, radiation and traumatic brain injury. Regarding the syndromes associated with ID, the most common is Down syndrome, followed by fetal alcohol syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1, Rett syndrome and fragile X syndrome.