ESTRATÉGIAS NA PREVENÇÃO DE COMPLICAÇÕES PÓS- OPERATÓRIAS: DA EVIDÊNCIA CIENTÍFICA À PRÁTICA CLÍNICA STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTING POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS: FROM SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
ESTRATÉGIAS NA PREVENÇÃO DE COMPLICAÇÕES PÓS- OPERATÓRIAS: DA EVIDÊNCIA CIENTÍFICA À PRÁTICA CLÍNICA STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTING POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS: FROM SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.82081325070810
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Palavras-chave: Complicações Pós-Operatórias; Cuidado; Prevenção; Participação.
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Keywords: Postoperative Complications; Care; Prevention; Participation.
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Abstract: Postoperative complications represent a significant healthcare challenge, associated with poorer clinical outcomes and increased costs. Modern clinical practice has focused on evidence-based preventive strategies to mitigate these risks. This study analyzes recent research on the prevention of postoperative complications, highlighting the impact of comprehensive protocols, targeted interventions, and the active role of the patient in outcomes. We analyzed randomized clinical trials and recent systematic reviews investigating different preventive strategies. The studies demonstrate the effectiveness of comprehensive protocols such as Enhanced Recovery After Surgery in thoracic and spine surgeries, which accelerate recovery and reduce morbidity. In parallel, targeted interventions show promising results, such as the use of negative pressure wound therapy to prevent wound infections and the optimization of antibiotic prophylaxis, the optimal duration of which varies depending on the surgical procedure. The prevention of neurological complications, such as delirium, is addressed on multiple fronts, including hospital protocols, preoperative cognitive training, and modifications in surgical technique. Also noteworthy is the growing role of the patient as an active agent, supported by technologies such as mobile pain management apps and educational programs to prevent specific sequelae. Current clinical practice is moving toward a synergistic model that combines the optimization of evidence- based protocols with patient empowerment, aiming for a safer, faster, and more efficient surgical recovery. Tailoring strategies to the procedure and patient profile is essential to the success of these approaches.
- Fernando Riccieri Ferreira Cardoso de Sá
- Júlia Carvalho Cunha
- Sofhia Paris Bervig
- Emanoel Fernandes Freire da Silva Filho
- Ramon Fraga de Souza Lima