TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION AS A TREATMENT FOR DEPRESSION: EFFICACY AND SAFETY

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1595725210112

• Palavras-chave: transcranial stimulation, major depressive disorder, neuromodulation, psychiatry.

• Keywords: transcranial stimulation, major depressive disorder, neuromodulation, psychiatry.

• Abstract:

  Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) stands out as an innovative and affordable therapeutic alternative for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD).  This study reviewed 29 articles published between 2020 and 2024 in the PubMed database, showing the benefits of tDCS in relieving depressive symptoms, reducing suicidal ideation and improving sleep quality. The technique demonstrated safety and feasibility, even in home settings, and increased efficacy when combined with psychotherapies or antidepressants.
  Despite advances, challenges remain, such as standardizing protocols, identifying ideal parameters and validating long-term effects. The variability of the results highlights the need for additional studies that integrate technologies such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG), allowing for greater precision in the stimulation of target regions.We conclude that tDCS represents a promising innovation in psychiatry, with the potential to redefine clinical practices and democratize access to effective treatments. Investments in longitudinal research and integration with advanced technologies are crucial to maximize its benefits and consolidate its application in broad and diverse populations.