Multiple Sclerosis: New Therapeutic Horizons

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.15951925260415

• Palavras-chave: Multiple sclerosis; Disease-modifying therapies; High therapeutic efficacy; Neuromotor rehabilitation; B cells; Early management.

• Keywords: Multiple sclerosis; Disease-modifying therapies; High therapeutic efficacy; Neuromotor rehabilitation; B cells; Early management.

• Abstract:

  Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, resulting in demyelination and progressive axonal degeneration. This study presents a narrative review of recent literature (2019-2024), focusing on therapeutic advances in MS, including disease-modifying therapies, neuromotor rehabilitation strategies and symptomatic management. Robust evidence indicates that early initiation of high-efficacy therapies (HETA) is associated with reduced relapse rates, less disability progression and better functional outcomes, even in patients with low initial lesion burden. In addition, rehabilitation based on innovative technologies and a multidisciplinary approach has had a positive impact on quality of life. The paradigm shift, which prioritizes early and more aggressive interventions, reflects the current understanding of MS pathophysiology, particularly the central role of B cells in perpetuating the inflammatory process. It is concluded that therapeutic personalization, combined with the early adoption of highly effective strategies, represents the best approach to modifying the course of the disease and preserving neurological function.