El dictamen auditable en grafoscopía y documentos cuestionados: matriz de trazabilidad, suficiencia muestral, control del sesgo y comunicación de incertidumbre para la prueba judicial mexicana
El dictamen auditable en grafoscopía y documentos cuestionados: matriz de trazabilidad, suficiencia muestral, control del sesgo y comunicación de incertidumbre para la prueba judicial mexicana
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.8151262602073
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Palavras-chave: grafoscopía; documentos cuestionados; dictamen pericial; trazabilidad; suficiencia muestral; sesgo contextual; prueba judicial.
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Keywords: forensic handwriting examination; questioned documents; expert report; traceability; sample sufficiency; contextual bias; judicial evidence.
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Abstract: Forensic handwriting examination and questioned document examination remain highly relevant in Mexican judicial practice, particularly in disputes involving signatures, promissory notes, contracts, scanned records, hybrid physical-digital documents and electronically signed files. Yet the probative value of an expert report does not derive from assertive rhetoric or categorical fórmulas. It depends on technical auditability: traceability of the item, sufficiency and comparability of known material, transparent documentation of observations, management of contextual bias, consideration of rival propositions and calibrated communication of uncertainty. This article proposes the AURA-DQ Model as a methodological audit matrix for forensic handwriting and questioned document reports. The study is theoretical, methodological and propositional; it does not claim to validate a new empirical technique or estimate original error rates. Instead, it integrates international standards, forensic human factors, evaluative reporting principles and Mexican evidentiary requirements into a practical reporting architecture. Three simulated scenarios illustrate how the model modifies the permissible scope of conclusions according to the quality of the questioned item and the known material. The article argues that a modern expert report should be a reviewable chain of reasoning rather than a declaration of authority.
- Alfredo García Anaya