Eficácia de antagonistas da hipocretina no tratamento de insônia crônica
Eficácia de antagonistas da hipocretina no tratamento de insônia crônica
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.80892626270313
-
Palavras-chave: Insônia crônica; Antagonistas da orexina; Daridorexant; Lemborexant; Suvorexant; Eficácia e segurança.
-
Keywords: Chronic insomnia; Orexin receptor antagonists; Daridorexant; Lemborexant; Suvorexant; Efficacy and safety.
-
Abstract: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of orexin/hypocretin receptor antagonists (daridorexant, lemborexant, and suvorexant) in the treatment of chronic insomnia in adults. The study analyzed objective and subjective sleep parameters, adverse event profiles, potential differences among drugs within the class, and the quality of available evidence. The methodology followed the PICOS strategy, with a literature search conducted in the PubMed database from 2021 to 2026. Randomized controlled trials, preferably double-blind, involving adults diagnosed with insomnia according to standardized criteria were included. Out of 69 identified studies, 31 met the inclusion criteria. Primary outcomes included sleep onset latency (LPS), wake after sleep onset (WASO), total sleep time (TST), and sleep efficiency, as well as subjective measures such as the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Methodological quality was assessed using RoB 2 and GRADE. The results demonstrated that orexin antagonists are superior to placebo in improving key sleep parameters, significantly reducing LPS and WASO and increasing TST. Consistent improvements were also observed in subjective sleep quality and daytime functioning. The safety profile was favorable, with mild adverse events, mainly somnolence and headache, low discontinuation rates, and no significant evidence of dependence, tolerance, or rebound effects. Comparatively, the drugs showed similar efficacy, although differences remain unclear due to the lack of direct head-to-head studies. In conclusion, orexin receptor antagonists represent an effective and safe option for the treatment of chronic insomnia, offering advantages over traditional hypnotics, particularly regarding sleep architecture and lower risk of dependence. However, long-term studies and direct comparisons are needed to better establish differences among these agents.
- Lucas Daniel dos Santos