Eficácia das intervenções fisioterapêuticas respiratórias na prevenção de complicações pulmonares em pacientes adultos sob ventilação mecânica: uma revisão sistemática
Eficácia das intervenções fisioterapêuticas respiratórias na prevenção de complicações pulmonares em pacientes adultos sob ventilação mecânica: uma revisão sistemática
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.8208112523067
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Palavras-chave: Fisioterapia Respiratória; Ventilação Mecânica Invasiva; Complicações Pulmonares; Prevenção; Revisão Sistemática
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Keywords: Respiratory Physiotherapy; Invasive Mechanical Ventilation; pulmonary complications; Prevention; Systematic Review.
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Abstract: Introduction: Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is an essential resource in supporting patients with acute respiratory failure, but it is associated with severe pulmonary complications, such as atelectasis, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and ventilator-induced lung injury. These complications increase morbidity and mortality and prolong intensive care stay. Methodology: Following the PRISMA protocol, searches were carried out in the PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PEDro and SciELO databases, covering the period from January 2019 to March 2025. Bilingual descriptors combined by Boolean operators (AND/E, OR/OU) were used to cover interventions such as "respiratory physiotherapy", "positive expiratory pressure", "incentive spirometry" and "early mobilization". Results: The application of bronchial hygiene techniques (percussion, vibration, postural drainage), combined with positive expiratory pressure (PEP) devices and spirometric incentive, demonstrated a significant reduction in the incidence of atelectasis and VAP. Studies of inspiratory resistance training have shown a gain in diaphragmatic strength and cough efficacy, favoring faster weaning. Final consideration: Evidence indicates that respiratory physiotherapy, structured in multimodal protocols and supported by continuous training, is an effective strategy to prevent pulmonary complications in patients with IMV. The systematic adoption of these practices can optimize lung mechanics, speed up ventilatory weaning, and reduce hospital costs. Randomized clinical trials are recommended, with greater methodological standardization and long-term follow-up, in order to consolidate the guidelines and assess impacts on specific subgroups.
- Gabriela Borelli Chianezio
- Emersom Osvaldo dos Santos Pinheiro