Efeitos A Longo Prazo Em Crianças Traqueostomizadas
Efeitos A Longo Prazo Em Crianças Traqueostomizadas
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.82081325070813
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Palavras-chave: Traqueostomia, Crianças, Efeitos
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Keywords: Tracheostomy, Children, Effects
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Abstract: Objective: To perform a literature review of articles on tracheostomy in children, analyzing the main long-term effects and complications. Bibliographic Review: Tracheostomy is a procedure indicated for children with congenital airway anomalies, acquired neurological and cardiac abnormalities. However, it has high fatal and complication rates, directly related to the time the child remains tracheostomized. Acute cardiorespiratory arrest related to accidental decannulation and obstructed tracheostomy tube are the main causes of death related to tracheostomy in less than 30 days after the procedure, while suprastomal collapse, fistula formation and granulation tissue are considered the main long-term complications, in addition to the increased risk of respiratory infections. Risk factors related to pediatric tracheostomy include a shorter neck, greater flexibility in the laryngeal structures and a considerable amount of subcutaneous fat, in addition to the use of smaller diameter tubes, which are more prone to obstruction. Furthermore, prolonged tracheostomy has a considerable impact on child development, causing delays in speech acquisition and hindering social interaction, aspects that are essential for children's cognitive and emotional growth. Final Considerations: Tracheostomy in children is an essential procedure to ensure airway maintenance in severe cases, but it is associated with significant complications, both in the short and long term. Therefore, strict monitoring and well-defined protocols are necessary to minimize risks. In addition, the impacts on child development highlight the importance of multidisciplinary interventions to reduce cognitive and emotional impairments. Therefore, training caregivers and continuous monitoring are essential to improve the quality of life of these children, reducing complications and promoting a more favorable outcome.
- Paula Castro Tofani
- Aline Trovão Queiroz
- Isabella Machado Marcondes Varella Barbosa
- Victor Hugo Cardoso de Paula Flôres
- Giovanna Aloan de Almeida
- Laila Fajardo Barbo Gasparello
- Camila Repsold Vieira
- Mark Aragão dos Santos Silva
- Luíza Tito Lessa
- Emanoel Fernandes Freire Da Silva Filho