DIAGNÓSTICO PRECOCE DO TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA: IMPORTÂNCIA, DESAFIOS DIAGNÓSTICOS E IMPACTO NO PROGNÓSTICO INFANTIL

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.8208182509101

• Palavras-chave: Transtorno do Espectro Autista; Diagnóstico Precoce; Desenvolvimento Infantil; Intervenção Multiprofissional

• Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Early Diagnosis; Child Development; Multidisciplinary Intervention.

• Abstract: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors. Early identification of ASD is essential to improve child development and minimize behavioral and learning impairments. This study aimed to review the main evidence on the importance and challenges of early ASD diagnosis. A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Embase, LILACS, and Web of Science databases, including free-access full-text articles published between 2013 and 2025. Thirteen studies were included, addressing clinical, neurobiological, and technological aspects of diagnosis. The findings indicated that early diagnosis is associated with better cognitive, social, and communication outcomes. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) are the most frequently used and reliable tools, although they require professional training and are not applicable to very young infants. The pediatrician and multidisciplinary team play a key role in recognizing early signs and ensuring timely referral. It is concluded that expanding professional training and strengthening public policies for early screening are crucial steps toward making early diagnosis an accessible and effective reality.