Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach to Inguinal Hernias: An Integrative Review

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.15951125180213

• Palavras-chave: Inguinal hernia, Physical examination, Differential diagnosis, Inguinal protrusion

• Keywords: Inguinal hernia, Physical examination, Differential diagnosis, Inguinal protrusion

• Abstract:

  The article analyzed the main studies on inguinal hernia, emphasizing the importance of a detailed physical examination in its identification and classification. Clinical observation makes it possible to detect protrusion and differentiate between types of hernia, contributing to an accurate diagnosis. However, in inconclusive cases, imaging tests such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography may be necessary to confirm the suspicion and guide the appropriate course of action.
  Conservative treatment, based on vigilant observation, is indicated mainly for asymptomatic men and pregnant women, who may present with inguinal bulging without the need for immediate intervention. However, it is essential to inform patients about the risks of the disease progressing, especially the possibility of strangulation, which can lead to ischemia and necrosis of the abdominal tissues.
  In symptomatic or more complex cases, the surgical approach is the most appropriate and is chosen based on factors such as the patient's clinical conditions, accessibility to the procedure and the surgeon's experience. Surgical techniques include open repair, with or without the use of a mesh, and laparoscopy, which stands out for being minimally invasive and offering a more comfortable post-operative period. The findings of this study contribute to furthering knowledge about inguinal hernia and its therapeutic options, as well as encouraging new research in the area.