Determinantes da falha de extubação em neonatos internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva
Determinantes da falha de extubação em neonatos internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.8089262627035
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Palavras-chave: Recém-nascido; Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal; Ventilação Mecânica; Extubação; Desmame Ventilatório.
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Keywords: Newborn; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit; Mechanical Ventilation; Extubation; Ventilatory Weaning.
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Abstract: Introduction: Extubation failure in newborns admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) represents a significant clinical challenge, being associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation, longer hospital stay, and worse outcomes. Identifying associated factors may contribute to greater safety during the weaning process. Objective: To analyze factors associated with extubation failure within 72 hours in newborns admitted to a NICU. Material and Methods: This was an analytical observational cross-sectional study with a prospective approach, conducted in the NICU of HUUMI-UFMA/EBSERH between April and December 2025. Newborns aged 0 to 28 days who required invasive mechanical ventilation for ≥24 hours and had a recorded extubation were included. Data were collected from medical records and analyzed using STATA 14.0, applying association tests (p<0.05). Results: A total of 187 newborns were analyzed, with an extubation failure rate of 10.16%. No significant association was found with sex (p=0.257), birth weight (p=0.628), gestational age (p=0.363), birth conditions (p=0.199), or clinical diagnosis (p=0.347). Significant associations were observed with need for resuscitation at birth (p=0.006), longer duration of mechanical ventilation (p=0.019), and longer hospital stay (p=0.001). Mortality was not associated (p=0.261). Unplanned extubation was associated with death, whereas planned extubation showed no significant relationship. Conclusion: Extubation failure was associated with greater clinical severity and prolonged intensive support. Unplanned extubation emerged as a marker of worse prognosis. These findings highlight the importance of individualized strategies in neonatal ventilatory weaning, despite the study limitations.
- Rebeca Steffane Arruda Henriques
- Melissa de Almeida Melo Marciel Mangueira