DÉFICITS COGNITIVOS EM CRIANÇAS COM DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 1: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DA LITERATURA
DÉFICITS COGNITIVOS EM CRIANÇAS COM DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 1: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DA LITERATURA
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.82081112518115
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Palavras-chave: diabetes mellitus tipo 1; criança; função cognitiva; neurodesenvolvimento; cetoacidose diabética.
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Keywords: type 1 diabetes mellitus; child; cognitive function; neurodevelopment; diabetic ketoacidosis.
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Abstract: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in childhood and exposes the developing brain to episodes of hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and diabetic ketoacidosis. Recent evidence suggests that these metabolic alterations may affect cognitive performance and neurodevelopment in children. Methods: Systematic review of the literature in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, including original studies (observational or clinical trials) and systematic reviews that assessed cognitive function in children and adolescents (<18 years) with T1DM using standardized neuropsychological tests, compared with healthy controls or normative values. Results: Meta-analyses and reviews indicate that children with T1DM present, on average, mild but consistent cognitive deficits—particularly in processing speed, attention, working memory, and executive functions—when compared to children without diabetes. Early age at diagnosis, longer exposure to hyperglycemia, poorer glycemic control (elevated HbA1c, lower time-in-range), and episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis (especially at disease onset) are associated with worse cognitive outcomes. Magnetic resonance imaging studies demonstrate reductions in white matter volume and functional connectivity alterations in children with T1DM, which correlate with poorer performance on cognitive tests.Conclusion: Children and adolescents with T1DM are at increased risk for subtle yet clinically relevant cognitive deficits that may impact school performance and quality of life. Strict glycemic control, prevention of ketoacidosis, and early screening for cognitive alterations emerge as key strategies to protect brain health in this population.
- Marcelo Augusto Alves Ponciano
- Samar Sami Arab
- Maria Vitória de Carvalho Lemos
- Alane Camila Sousa Medeiros
- Luiza Guilhem Guiaro Sicuto
- Pedro Nazir Jabur Maluf de Carvalho
- Juliana Costa Bonna