DA ESTÉTICA À SAÚDE PÚBLICA: A REDEFINIÇÃO DO PAPEL DA TOXINA BOTULÍNICA NA MEDICINA CONTEMPORÂNEA

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.80892626270315

• Palavras-chave: Palavras-chaves: Toxina botulínica, Dor crônica, Saúde pública, Terapêutica.

• Keywords: Keywords: Botulinum toxin, Chronic pain, Public health, Therapeutics.

• Abstract: Botulinum toxin, initially associated with aesthetic applications, has progressively expanded its therapeutic use in contemporary medicine, particularly in the management of chronic pain and neurological disorders. This study aimed to critically analyze this transition, addressing its mechanisms of action, clinical applications, and implications for public health. An integrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, including studies published between 2010 and 2025, selected based on thematic relevance and methodological consistency. The findings indicate that botulinum toxin acts not only by blocking acetylcholine release, promoting muscle relaxation, but also by modulating nociceptive neurotransmitters, contributing to pain reduction and functional improvement. Evidence demonstrates its efficacy in conditions such as chronic migraine, spasticity, and autonomic dysfunctions, as well as its potential as a non-opioid therapeutic alternative. The discussion highlights a paradigm shift in clinical practice, with the incorporation of botulinum toxin into more integrated and patient-centered approaches. However, challenges remain regarding protocol standardization, heterogeneity of studies, and unequal access within the public healthcare system. It is concluded that botulinum toxin has become a relevant therapeutic tool, with clinical, economic, and social impacts, requiring advances in healthcare organization and the expansion of equitable access.