CYSTIC LIVER LESIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

• DOI: 10.22533/at.ed.1592252225059

• Palavras-chave: liver, cysts

• Keywords: liver, cysts

• Abstract:

  Introduction: Cystic lesions of the liver (LCF) are frequent findings in clinical practice and have an asymptomatic course in most cases. However, there is diagnostic diversity. Advances in imaging methods such as ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have allowed greater assertiveness, which allows the surgeon to establish an appropriate therapeutic approach. Objective: To review the literature and compile the concordance of characteristics in the diagnosis of LCF. Method: Bibliographic review of digital databases and physical literature from the last decades. Results: The Simple Hepatic Cyst is a formation with fluid content and can reach up to 1% of incidence in necropsies. On US, an anechoic, unilocular, fluid-filled area with no visible walls is observed. On CT, the lesion is well-defined, filled with fluid with water-like attenuation. It was verified that the Polycystic Liver Disease, an autosomal dominant disease, frequents 40% of the diagnoses of LCF. The characteristic on CT is multiple, homogeneous, hypoattenuated lesions with regular contours. Hydatid cysts have the liver as the main site, causing LCF in 52% to 77% of cases. They are caused by infection with E. granulosus. On CT, well-defined hypoattenuating lesions with wall calcification are found. Hepatobiliary cystadenoma is a rare LCF considered to be neoplastic, with an incidence of around 5%. Malignancy can be seen in 5 to 15% of cases. On CT, a uni or multilocular hypoattenuating mass with septations is found. Caroli's Disease also known as congenital ectatic cavernous communication of the biliary tract characterized by saccular dilatation of the intrahepatic ducts, multiple calculi; has an incidence of 1 in 1,000,000. On CT, dilated and hypoattenuated cystic structures are observed. Corresponding to a small part of the LCF there are also the Traumatic Cysts. As the nomenclature says, they occur after trauma that leads to the disjunction of the bile ducts or the formation of subcapsular hematoma. On CT, lacerations and/or hematomas with low parenchymal attenuation are found. Conclusion: LCFs have different characteristics from each other. The diagnosis depends on armed propaedeutics and, the more accurate it is, the more effective treatment will be possible.

• Número de páginas: 8