Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment - A Systematic Review

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1595325090111

• Palavras-chave: Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia", "Management", "Outcomes", "Surgical Treatment", "Neonatal Care" and "Pulmonary Hypoplasia

• Keywords: Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia", "Management", "Outcomes", "Surgical Treatment", "Neonatal Care" and "Pulmonary Hypoplasia

• Abstract:

  Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) is a fetal malformation characterized by a defect in the diaphragm that allows abdominal organs to migrate into the thoracic cavity. This condition causes lung compression during intrauterine development, resulting in pulmonary hypoplasia and persistent pulmonary hypertension, as well as significant cardiovascular alterations, such as hypoplasia of the left ventricle. Prenatal diagnosis is essential for planning clinical and surgical management, and is complemented by tests, including fetal magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography. Treatment includes immediate neonatal interventions and, in severe cases, experimental fetal procedures such as Fetal Endoluminal Tracheal Occlusion (FETO). Corrective surgery is performed after neonatal stabilization and is essential to restore anatomy, but the prognosis will depend on the severity of the pulmonary and cardiac alterations. In addition, therapeutic advances have improved patient survival and quality of life, highlighting the importance of multidisciplinary and individualized care.