Complications of Facial Harmonization: Insights into Adverse Reactions and Management Strategies

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1594902408105

• Palavras-chave: Facial harmonization; Dermal fillers complications; Vascular occlusion; Hyaluronidase; Aesthetic procedure safety

• Keywords: Facial harmonization; Dermal fillers complications; Vascular occlusion; Hyaluronidase; Aesthetic procedure safety

• Abstract: INTRODUCTION The introduction discusses the rapid evolution and growing popularity of facial harmonization techniques such as dermal fillers, botulinum toxin injections, and thread lifts. It outlines the societal and aesthetic factors driving this trend, while highlighting the increased demand for minimally invasive procedures. It also introduces the various materials and techniques used in facial harmonization, emphasizing the importance of managing patient expectations and screening for risk factors to minimize complications. The introduction sets the stage for a detailed exploration of the most common and severe complications arising from facial harmonization procedures. OBJETIVE The main objective of this narrative review is to comprehensively analyze and provide insights into the complications associated with facial harmonization, including dermal fillers, botulinum toxin, and threads, while highlighting the therapeutic management of these adverse reactions. The review focuses on providing up-to-date knowledge on the prevalence, causes, and best practices in managing complications, with an emphasis on improving patient safety and outcomes. METHODS This is a narrative review which included studies in the MEDLINE – PubMed (National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health), COCHRANE, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases, using as descriptors: “Facial Aesthetics” AND “Dermal Fillers” OR “Adverse Effects” OR “Vascular Complications” OR “Cosmetic Medicine” in the last 5 years. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results and discussion sections focus on analyzing the different types of complications that can occur with facial harmonization. These include immediate reactions such as bruising, swelling, and pain, as well as more serious complications like vascular occlusion, blindness, and infection. The review delves into the pathophysiology of these complications, with a particular emphasis on vascular complications and their management using hyaluronidase. It also explores the long-term effects of complications such as granulomas, filler migration, and psychological impacts on patients. The discussion addresses various therapeutic management strategies, including pharmacological and surgical approaches, and highlights the importance of early intervention and prevention in improving patient outcomes. CONCLUSION The conclusion emphasizes that while facial harmonization procedures offer significant aesthetic benefits, they carry risks that require careful consideration by both practitioners and patients. It underscores the need for awareness of these risks, better preventive strategies, and the continuous development of safer techniques and materials. Additionally, patient education and setting realistic expectations are critical in reducing dissatisfaction and adverse outcomes. The article calls for ongoing research and improved training for practitioners to minimize complications and enhance patient safety in facial harmonization procedures.