Comparison of risk and protective factors associated with the prevalence of alcohol and drug addiction among young people, adults and the elderly: an integrative review

• DOI: 10.22533/at.ed.1592722217111

• Palavras-chave: Aging, drug addiction, illicit drug addiction, risk factors, protective factors.

• Keywords: Aging, drug addiction, illicit drug addiction, risk factors, protective factors.

• Abstract:

  INTRODUCTION: Abusive use of licit and illicit drugs is a public health problem and has been increasing significantly worldwide. The consumption of these substances, as well as the protective and risk factors for dependence, varies according to the age group. OBJECTIVE: To analyze risk and protective factors related to drug use among young people, adults and the elderly in the context of psychosocial health promotion, prevention and rehabilitation. METHODS: This is an integrative review. To formulate the research question, the PICO strategy was used. The following databases were found: 55 SciELO, 370 PubMed, 53 LILACS and 27 Cochrane Library. After analyzing the 113 previously selected articles, 90 were excluded. 23 articles were selected to compose the current sample. The criteria recommended by the PRISMA group were used as a search strategy for selection and exclusion. RESULTS: Among young people, the main protective factors found were healthy family relationships and academic commitment. And among the risk factors is family and school distance. In relation to adults, the main risk factors are mental disorders and troubled family and marital relationships. As protective factors, the religious bond stands out. In the elderly, social isolation due to loss of occupational activities and social distancing stands out as a risk factor. As a protective factor, there is the affective bond with family members. CONCLUSION: The age group and the social context determine the behavior of society and translate the main risk and protection factors for chemical dependence. This subject is still neglected by the scientific community, especially among young and old. It is necessary to carry out more studies on the subject, and to create more effective public policies.