Bariatric Surgery as a Treatment for Obesity and Associated Comorbidities in Children and Adolescents

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.159592530017

• Palavras-chave: bariatric surgery AND child obesity AND children

• Keywords: bariatric surgery AND child obesity AND children

• Abstract:

  Childhood obesity is a global challenge that transcends physical aspects, extending to psychosocial impacts. The associated social stigma contributes to psychological issues, low self-esteem, and, in the long term, increases the risk of comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases. Maternal history during pregnancy is linked to a higher risk of childhood obesity, which is why a nutritional approach from early childhood is crucial, requiring a balanced intake of nutrients during critical periods of physical and cognitive development. The American Academy of Pediatrics emphasizes the need for a comprehensive therapeutic approach, going beyond physical evaluation and including the analysis of behavioral and family factors. Pediatric obesity is associated with nutritional deficiencies, hormonal changes, and long-term risks of diseases, including type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In severe cases, bariatric surgery has proven effective in weight reduction and reversal of comorbidities, especially in adolescents. However, this approach carries risks, such as nutritional deficiencies, requiring careful medical monitoring. Different types of bariatric surgery, such as vertical gastrectomy and gastric bypass, are considered based on individual characteristics. Nevertheless, despite the benefits, more extensive research is needed to fully understand the long-term impacts of bariatric surgery in children and adolescents. This article aims to analyze the risks of obesity in children and adolescents, highlighting bariatric surgery as an effective intervention to reverse obesity and its associated comorbidities, based on current scientific evidence.