ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES AND DISEASES THAT ARISE FROM THEIR USE, A META-ANALYSIS

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1595222516058

• Palavras-chave: Electronic cigarettes, Lung health, Cardiovascular diseases, Chemical dependency, Health regulations.

• Keywords: Electronic cigarettes, Lung health, Cardiovascular diseases, Chemical dependency, Health regulations.

• Abstract:

  E-cigarettes were introduced to the market as an alternative to traditional smoking, being promoted as a less harmful option for health and a possible tool for smoking cessation. However, recent studies indicate that these devices have significant negative impacts, especially among young people, due to their widespread acceptance and false perception of safety. This study analyzed the effects of electronic cigarettes on pulmonary, cardiovascular, oncological and psychological health, highlighting the risks associated with their use. A meta-analysis was carried out based on articles published between 2021 and 2024, obtained from indexed databases such as PubMed, SciELO and Web of Science. Observational studies, randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews evaluating the health effects of e-cigarettes were included. Data extraction followed the PRISMA criteria, and statistical analysis was conducted with fixed and random effect models.The main findings indicate that e-cigarettes compromise lung plasticity, leading to reduced gas exchange capacity and the development of obstructive diseases such as COPD and EVALI. In addition, continuous exposure to aerosols from these devices increases the risk of lung and oral cavity cancer, due to the presence of toxic substances such as formaldehyde, acrolein and heavy metals. From a cardiovascular point of view, the use of these devices is associated with an increased risk of hypertension, acute myocardial infarction and stroke. The findings of this meta-analysis reinforce the need for strict restrictions on e-cigarettes, due to their impact on public health and the increased incidence of serious diseases associated with their use. The evidence shows that, far from being a safe alternative, these devices present risks comparable to those of conventional tobacco and favor smoking initiation. In this way, public policies must be strengthened to curb their spread and protect the population, especially young people.