Cardiopulmonary Complications in Dengue and Other Arboviral Infections: Pathophysiology and Management

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1594892401102

• Palavras-chave: Dengue; Arboviruses; Myocarditis; Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); Immunopathogenesis

• Keywords: Dengue; Arboviruses; Myocarditis; Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); Immunopathogenesis

• Abstract: INTRODUCTION The introduction highlights the significance of arboviral diseases, particularly dengue, in causing cardiopulmonary complications, which range from mild symptoms to severe, life-threatening conditions. It outlines the mechanisms of viral-induced cardiopulmonary damage, the diverse clinical manifestations observed, and the diagnostic challenges that arise due to overlapping symptoms with other diseases. It also underscores the need for more robust diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to manage these complications effectively. OBJETIVE To provide a comprehensive review of the cardiopulmonary complications associated with dengue and other arboviral infections, focusing on their pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic strategies. METHODS This is a narrative review which included studies in the MEDLINE – PubMed (National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health), COCHRANE, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases, using as descriptors: “Cardiopulmonary complications” AND “Dengue infection” OR “Arboviral diseases” AND “Inflammatory response” in the last  years. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results and discussion provide an in-depth analysis of the different cardiopulmonary complications associated with dengue and other arboviral infections, such as myocarditis, pericarditis, ARDS, and pulmonary edema. The text examines the complex interplay between viral factors and host immune responses that drive these complications and evaluates the diagnostic tools currently available. It also discusses therapeutic strategies, including supportive care and the controversial use of corticosteroids and antiviral agents, while highlighting the gaps in knowledge regarding optimal management and long-term outcomes. CONCLUSION The conclusion emphasizes the need for further research to establish evidence-based guidelines for diagnosing and treating cardiopulmonary complications in arboviral infections. It calls for developing new diagnostic tools, more effective therapies, and comprehensive care models that address both acute and long-term management. The text also suggests that understanding the long-term impact of these complications on patient health is crucial for improving patient care and reducing the burden on healthcare systems, particularly in regions where arboviral infections are most common.