Breast cancer: harmful changes in the BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1594922414102

• Palavras-chave: Genetic mutations. Breast cancer. BRCA 1 and BRCA 2.

• Keywords: Genetic mutations. Breast cancer. BRCA 1 and BRCA 2.

• Abstract:

  Breast cancer, like many other types of tumors, is associated with genes whose main function is to repair errors in DNA, helping to maintain the genetic stability of cells. When for some reason these genes are affected and are unable to correct errors in genetic recombination with the chromosomes, it can lead to uncontrolled cell growth, causing genetic mutation, a problem that is relevant to the creation of tumors. This is a bibliographical review, which used Google Academic, PubMed and INCA as a research database, with the intention of demonstrating research related to genetic mutations in the BRCA1 gene, which is located on chromosome 17 and following mutations in this gene increase the risk of ovarian cancer, breast cancer and prostate cancer, and BRCA2 located on chromosome 13, mutations in this gene increase the risk of cancer, especially in women. This study shows the relationship between these genes in the formation of breast cancer, through readings based on existing published articles from 2012 to 2023 (except those relevant to the article). An understanding of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and their role in predisposing to breast and ovarian cancer is essential for identifying high-risk individuals through tests to identify mutations in these genes, especially people with a family history of cancer, as well as developing appropriate prevention and management approaches.