PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES PRODUCED BY THE BETA ADRENERGIC AGONIST-CLEMBUTEROL-β2AA-CLB, IN BOVINE

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.9734824319063

• Palavras-chave: Metabolic pathways, Bioavailability, Biotransformation, metabolic profile, metabolic pathways

• Keywords: Metabolic pathways, Bioavailability, Biotransformation, metabolic profile, metabolic pathways

• Abstract:

  Nowadays, there are several latent problems worldwide linked to food production: 1- the increase in world population, 2- the increase in war conflicts, the latter linked to the distribution of raw materials for food production, and finally 3- global climate changes, however, biotechnological processes for food production influence the increase in the production of synthetic foods and the use of food additives in animals, their products and by-products are consumed by man, All this in order to increase foods with high nutritional and energy value, which do not nourish, bringing with them an increase in diseases to the animal itself and to man, for this this research has been developed, carried out for more than 15 years of work, which today shows that the use of feed additives is increasing in many livestock regions, mainly in feed a synthetic component called Beta-adrenergic agonist (β2AA), such as clenbuterol-Clb. This is considered a powerful broncho-vessel-dilator, used to control respiratory diseases in horses and humans mainly; Clb is a β2-adrenergic agonist (β2-AA), which causes an increase in muscle mass in birds, cattle, goats and sheep. On the other hand, the metabolic pathways on the effect of Clb are not known to date. They are well elucidated; The objective of this study was to determine the metabolites that arise with the ingestion of clenbuterol-Clb and its possible derivatives that are stored mainly in the liver, pancreatic structure, adrenal gland, smooth and striated muscles, central and peripheral nervous system and genital organs.

   The fat content is dramatically reduced when clenbuterol is used as anabolic, understood as anabolic, when Clb is administered orally or intramuscularly above the therapeutic dose, between 5 and 10 times its concentration (0.08µg/body weight two times a day). For this study, 17 different metabolites were measured with the purpose of determining which metabolic parameters are altered, producing a homeostatic imbalance at the level of the different organs in which it intervenes. The results showed that there are several metabolites that are altered by clenbuterol-Clb, among these we have: glucose, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, Gamma Glutamyl Transferase, transaminases (ALT/GPT and AST/GOT), Lactic Dehydrogenase, Prostatic Acid Phosphatase and not Prostate, cholesterol and calcium. The changes produced mainly in the blood metabolites present in each animal, indicated that it has an effect of changing the metabolism of various organs and affects their metabolic pathways, contributing to its lipolytic and antilipogenic activity and induces nitrogen retention, increases the Glycolysis, the production of lactate, increases the animal's body temperature and oxygen consumption, increases glucose levels, which varies according to the time of treatment with Clb, since insulin and adipocytes decrease at the level of the pancreas. are less sensitive to this hormone, there is an increase in energy use, bringing with it an increase in body temperature-thermogenesis, decreasing spermatogenesis and altering sperm morphology, it was even detected in ovarian follicles. The most significant damage occurs at the level of the liver parenchyma, producing hepatomegaly, liver tumors, possibly granulomatous hepatitis and finally cirrhosis, however, the anomalies are not detected at the phenotypic level, but by measuring liver enzymes, likewise, Cases of human poisoning have also been detected, from 2002 to date, in 2023, there has already been one death due to the consumption of this food additive, through beef. In conclusion, the data provide evidence of the damage that Clb produces at the level of the homeostatic process in ruminants. Furthermore, due to its biochemical characteristics of Clb, its bioavailability will depend on the time it was administered and the biotransformation will depend on the concentration of Clb with which it is administered. the animal was fed. On the other hand, liver damage is irreparable.