Biological impact of low dose of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) on HepG2 cells
Biological impact of low dose of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) on HepG2 cells
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1594202415027
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Palavras-chave: Nanopartículas, Fe3O4, nanotoxicidade, expressão gênica, estresse oxidativo
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Keywords: metal oxide nanoparticles, Fe3O4, nanotoxicity, gene expression, oxidative stress
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Abstract: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION), clinically approved metal oxide nanoparticles, hold immense potential in the biomedical field. The understanding of their impact on living systems at the cellular and molecular levels is essencial for SPION efficacy and safety. To investigate the biological impact of well-characterized SPION at different doses (10 to 100μg/ml), we carried out experiments using potential target cells, hepatocytes (HepG2), to evaluate cell viability by MTT, Neutral Red and Trypan Blue assays and intracellular uptake of SPION by transmission electron microscopy. Gene expression profile and miRNA analysis were also explored. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated using flow cytometry. Results show that SPION, even at the lowest dose, decrease cell viability assessed by MTT after 48h and induce overexpression of genes related to antioxidant pathways after 72h exposure, without changes in the miRNA expression. The significant increase in ROS production observed in doses equal to or higher than 21µg/ml of SPION is correlated with cell morphology changes induced by oxidative stress. Possibly, the increase in ROS levels leads to a modulation in the expression of oxidative stress genes in an attempt to maintain the normal redox state of cells, disregulated by SPION exposure. In a time-dependent manner, SPION accumulates inside vesicles in the cytoplasm and in the cell membrane surface. Our data confirm the oxidative stress as a mechanism of cellular toxicity triggered by SPION and also contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in cell response due to the SPION stimuli at low doses.
- Carolina Barbara Nogueira de Oliveira
- Priscila Falagan-Lotsch