Bariatric emergencies

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1595172511047

• Palavras-chave: bariatric, complications, surgical, emergencies, perioperative.

• Keywords: bariatric, complications, surgical, emergencies, perioperative.

• Abstract:

  Objective: To analyze the main emergencies, urgencies and intraoperative complications associated with bariatric surgery, highlighting the risk factors, management strategies and impact on clinical outcomes. Methodology: Bibliographic review carried out in the PubMed-MEDLINE database. The search terms "bariatric surgery", "urgency", "emergency", "staple line leaks", "anastomotic disruption" and "bleeding" were used.  included articles published between 2020 and 2025, available in English and in full text, which addressed the proposed themes. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 articles were selected for detailed analysis. Discussion: The most frequent complications were staple line leaks, intraoperative and postoperative bleeding, intestinal obstructions and venous thrombosis. The use of robotic surgery has shown a reduction in the incidence of complications, such as leaks and obstructions, but still presents challenges, such as high costs and the need for specialized training. Advances in minimally invasive techniques, such as therapeutic endoscopy and the use of indocyanine green fluorescence, have shown promise in reducing reinterventions and improving the safety of procedures. Final considerations: Early identification and proper management of bariatric emergencies are fundamental to reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with surgery. Despite technological advances, the need to standardize protocols, expand access to new technologies and conduct robust comparative studies are still essential to optimize the efficacy and safety of these procedures.