Updates on Asthma: Impact of the GINA 2023 Guidelines on the Treatment and Classification of Exacerbations

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1594582426064

• Palavras-chave: GINA 2023 Guidelines; Asthma; Treatment.

• Keywords: GINA 2023 Guidelines; Asthma; Treatment.

• Abstract:

  Objective: To investigate the changes proposed by GINA 2023 in the treatment and classification of asthma exacerbations, with a focus on how these changes influence the clinical management of the disease. Methods: Bibliographic review using the database: Pubmed – Medline. Therefore, with the search terms in combination with the terms (Asthma) AND (Treatment) AND (GINA). 449 articles were found and after applying the research strategy and selection criteria, 17 articles were selected to compose the study. 

  Review: The changes introduced in the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines and their impacts on asthma management were explored. The new recommendations emphasize personalized patient action plans, early use of oral corticosteroids (OSCs) for moderate to severe exacerbations, and dosage adjustments of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) to reduce the need for OSCs. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of biological therapy for severe cases and discourage the routine use of antibiotics, except in proven lung infections. The personalized approach aims to improve asthma control, reduce exacerbations and improve patients' quality of life, reflecting the complexity of the disease and the need for adaptive treatments based on ongoing assessments. Final considerations: The new guidelines promote a more personalized and adaptive approach, improving symptom control and reducing serious exacerbations. The introduction of biological therapies for severe asthma offers effective options for patients unresponsive to conventional treatments. Effective implementation of the guidelines requires collaboration between healthcare professionals, patients and healthcare systems, as well as ongoing training and awareness about treatment adherence. Future studies must focus on optimizing personalized therapies and investigating new biomarkers.