UPDATES TO ENDOSCOPIC SPINAL TREATMENT PROTOCOLS IN THE BRAZILIAN PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM IN 2025

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.15953325281014

• Palavras-chave: Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Surgery; Complete Endoscopy; Microendoscopy;

• Keywords: Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Surgery; Complete Endoscopy; Microendoscopy;

• Abstract:

  Introduction: Complete or single-port endoscopic surgery, unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE), and microendoscopy represent major advances in clinical practice. These methods have been increasingly studied in Brazil, and there is growing interest from public and private hospitals in adopting these techniques, although the availability of resources, the need for specialized training, and the cost of equipment still constitute significant barriers, especially in the Unified Health System (SUS). Methodology: The scientific databases used were: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), National Library of Medicine (NIH), and MEDLINE. The descriptors used in this research were: “UNILATERAL BIPORTAL ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY,” “COMPLETE ENDOSCOPY,” and “MICROENDOSCOPY.” The Boolean operators used in this research were AND and OR. Results and Discussion: In the Brazilian context, data from university hospitals and SUS services indicate that the adoption of endoscopic techniques is feasible but still limited by structural factors. Public services face barriers related to equipment costs, learning curves, and lack of standardization, which restricts the widespread implementation of these techniques. However, the private sector has greater diffusion of minimally invasive techniques, with easier access to modern technologies and structured training programs. Conclusion: Analysis of articles published between 2020 and 2025 shows that both endoscopic and minimally invasive open techniques have specific benefits, but their indications must be individualized.