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HUMAN BIOCLIMATIC ATLAS FOR SPAIN PRESENT AND FUTURE IN THE FACE OF CLIMATE CHANGE

En este estudio se presentan los mapas del bioclima de España, referidos al bienestar termofisiológico del ser humano y al confort para cada mes del año. El confort higrotérmico en cada lugar se ha obtenido con los datos climáticos del periodo 1981-2010, proporcionados por de la Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET, 2022). Por ser los datos mas recientes, se le designa como actuales o presentes. Para el caso del escenario prospectivo al 2050, los datos climáticos se generaron con el programa Meteonorm, para poder determinar el impacto del cambio climático en el bioclima. Los lugares de estudio seleccionados corresponden a los registrados en 40 estaciones meteorológicas, distribuidas a lo largo del territorio español, y son representativas de todos los climas en el país. Los datos climáticos de la AEMET, son promedios mensuales de las temperaturas máxima, media y mínima, así como de la humedad relativa. Para llevar a cabo el estudio del bioclima se estimaron los datos medios horarios de temperatura y humedad relativa a partir de los mensuales (Biosol, 2013). Con los datos mensuales y la ecuación propuesta por Auliciems (1981), se definió la zona de confort térmico para el humano, adaptando el diagrama bioclimático de Olgyay (1963) para cada mes del año en los diversos lugares de estudio, determinando la sensación térmica media horaria para cada mes. Con los datos se elaboraron los diagramas del bioclima, que representan la percepción del frío, calor y el confort. A partir de los estudios del bioclima se elaboraron los mapas para representar la sensación térmica predominante en las regiones de España para cada mes del año. En dichos mapas se podrá definir el diseño y la adecuación bioclimática de los edificios existentes para lograr la eficiencia energética en la climatización de edificios, con los sistemas pasivos adecuados para las estrategias bioclimáticas necesarias, considerando los estudios del bioclima.
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HUMAN BIOCLIMATIC ATLAS FOR SPAIN PRESENT AND FUTURE IN THE FACE OF CLIMATE CHANGE

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.3174162407063

  • Palavras-chave: bioclima, atlas, España, diseño bioclimático, confort térmico y edificios

  • Keywords: bioclimate, atlas, Spain, bioclimatic design, thermal comfort, and buildings.

  • Abstract:

    This study presents bioclimate maps of Spain, focusing on the thermophysiological well-
    being of humans and comfort for each month of the year. The hygrothermal comfort in each location
    was obtained using climatic data from the period 1981-2010, provided by the State Meteorological
    Agency (AEMET, 2022). Since these are the most recent data, they are designated as current or present.
    For the prospective scenario for 2050, the climatic data were generated using the Meteonorm program to
    assess the impact of climate change on the bioclimate. The selected study locations correspond to those
    recorded at 40 meteorological stations, distributed throughout Spanish territory, representing all climates
    in the country. The climatic data from AEMET consist of monthly averages of maximum, mean, and
    minimum temperatures, as well as relative humidity. To conduct the bioclimate study, hourly mean
    temperature and relative humidity data were estimated from the monthly data (Biosol, 2013). Using the
    monthly data and the equation proposed by Auliciems (1981), the thermal comfort zone for humans was
    defined, adapting the bioclimatic diagram of Olgyay (1963) for each month of the year in the various
    study locations, determining the hourly mean thermal sensation for each month. Based on the data,
    bioclimate diagrams were created to represent the perception of cold, heat, and comfort. These diagrams
    were the used to create maps representing the predominant thermal sensation in the regions of Spain for
    each month of the year. These maps can inform the design and bioclimate adaptation. of existing
    buildings to achieve energy efficiency in building climate control, with appropriate passive systems for
    necessary bioclimatic strategies, as informed the bioclimate studies.

    The selected study locations correspond to those recorded at 40 meteorological stations, distributed throughout Spanish territory, representing all climates in the country. The climatic data from AEMET consist of monthly averages of maximum, mean, and minimum temperatures, as well as relative humidity. To conduct the bioclimate study, hourly mean temperature and relative humidity data were estimated from the monthly data (Biosol, 2013). Using the monthly data and the equation proposed by Auliciems (1981), the thermal comfort zone for humans was defined, adapting the bioclimatic diagram of Olgyay (1963) for each month of the year in the various study locations, determining the hourly mean thermal sensation for each month.

    Based on the data, bioclimate diagrams were created to represent the perception of cold, heat, and comfort. These diagrams were the used to create maps representing the predominant thermal sensation in the regions of Spain for each month of the year. These maps can inform the design and bioclimatic adaptation of existing buildings to achieve energy efficiency in building climate control, with appropriate passive systems for necessary bioclimatic strategies, as informed the bioclimate studies.

  • David Morillón Gálvez
  • Álvaro Muela Pérez
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